Transmitting-key for telegraphic circuits.



I. KITSEB. TRANSMITTING KEY FOR TELEGRAPHIG CIRCUITS.

APPLIOATIGN FILED HAP-.25, 1904.

WTJYESSEJf INVE/YTWE: m Q Q PATENTBD JUNE 19, 1906.

UNITED STATES- PATENT OFFICE.

ISIDOR KITSEE, O'F PHI ADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR-OF one HALF-TOWILLIAM J. LATTA,

or PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

TRANSMITTING-KEY son TELEQRAPHIG clnourrs.

Specification pf Letters Intent.

Patented June 19, 1906.

Application no Inch 25,1004. Serial 1a. soaosa.

or instance, as underground or submarine" cables.

In submarine cables telegr aisem fished with the'aid of &hing is today edouble key,

e or y an impulse of-one polarity is sent over the line by depressmgonelever and an impulse of opposite polarity is sent over the line by thedffJI'BSSiOD of the second lever. A

Y dot'ls fol-me by the transmission of animpulse of one polarity'and adash is formed by anirnpulse of oppos'te olarity. 'lliercfi'ne dots anddashes are distinguished from each other not by the length or unit oftime, but by the polarity of the impulse.

To persons versed in the art, it is well known that were it possible totelegraph withtrue reversals-that is, in a manner so that on lin pulseof one polarity always follows an impulse of opposite polarity-the speedof transmission could be greatl increased; but with the method aspracticed to-da such true reversals cannot be reduced or the reason thatin the telegrap c alphabet the majority of letters are composed of twoor more dots or two or more clashes in succession, which means two ormore impulses of one polarity in two or more impulses of the oppositepoarit in this invention Imake use of one single key to accomplish thetrue reversal automaticslly, leaving it to the operator to determineonlly the time unit between two depressions.

have clearly stated that the difference between a dot and dash does notlie in the dif {gt-dam of polarity of the impulses transmitut that a dotis designated by one impulses In quick succession. Now with the emcnt aswill later on be more fully descn ed every depression of the keypreacute to the circuit a battery of opposite po- 7 larity, and when,therefore, a dash circuits, and has more special reference to t Itirety,

also and a dash is desi ated is two im-' 7 P gn y sienna-mailin i.

is to be transmitted and the key is therefore dopressed tw ce in quicksuccession it-follows that at the receivin -station two ulses' in quicksuccession W1 be received? at each 1 'fiulsewill be of an oppositepolarity.

eferringnow to the drawmgs, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of mytransmittingkey attached to a transmittingdihe Fig. 2

is a" cross-section, through a step-by-step z ei hgm i v k n t is t etransmitt' e as an entirety, of which Bis the leve i a' nd thecontacting point for said lever, D the contasting point for a localcircuit containing the source of current N and the electromagnet M. A isthe reversing device as an enconsistinig of the lstep-by-step movementF, pivots at G and provided with the escapement K, the arm 1c of thisescapement servm as the armature of the electromagnet M, arm is heldswag from said magnet b the spring L; Secure to the same s aft G? is thecontacti lng wheel H, provided with the contacts I. see contacts areseparated from each other by the non-conducting strips E. The contacts Iare alternately connects ed through wires I and 2 to the batteries P Iand 0, respectively. These batteries are grounded at Q. The modusoperandi of racticing this art of my invention is as fol ows-x When theey is at rest-that is, when the spring a resses the rear end of thelever B inst the contact D, (the switch B being e osed,}'theelectromagnct M becomes enerfized' and draws the arm I: of theescapement toward its core.- This movenent of the escapelnent resultstherein that the step-bystep" wheel F is moved one tooth, thereby b oneof the contact-points I moontaet'wit the brush J. If new the lever B isI the impulse transmitted by this ion will be of a polarity equal to thedo polarity of the battery connected to that con- 'rtion which is inelectrical. contact circuit including the electromagnet M will be ebrush J; but at the same time the broken and the arm k of the escapementK will be with the aid ofthe spring L, drawn from the electron: at M andin a position When nowthe o orator releases the lever the spring a of te,

same will draw 1: rear end of the levar in contact with the point D,closing again the circuit including the electromagnet, therebyreenergizin the same, with the result that the arm I: will e again drawntoward its ,core and the step-by-step device will be moved one toothfarther, thereby bringing in contact with the brush J the next follow ngcontact portion of the contact-plate, which portion connected to abattery of a polarity opposite to the polarity of the battery connectedto that contact portion which was formerly in contact with said brush.Should the operator again depress the key, then the contact C, which wasformerly connected through the brush J with the battery of one polarity,will now be connected through this contact and the brush with thebattery of opposite polarity, thereby sending an impulse over the lineopposite to the impulse pre- T of a polarity ceding, and as mestep-by-step movement, with its magnetic device, is so arranged thatevery closing of the key will allow the escapement to move in onedirection and everyi opening of the key compel the escapement to move inthe opposite direction, thereby moving the step-by-step device onetooth, and as the moving of one tooth always brings in contact the lowerportion of the ke with the battery of a polarity opposite to t epolarity of the batte of the preceding contact it follows that t esuccessive operation of the key will cause for each closing an impulseof op osite polarity to flow over the line.

i have in the drawings illustrated a simple step-by-st.ep movement to beoperated by an or me to state that this key may be used for any line oftransmission; but its greater advantage [S evident in the transmissionof -Inpulses where true reversals are desired-that 15, in thetransmission over such cables or lines where each signal transmittedshould be of a polarity opposite to the polarity of the signal precedinand where the difference between the two c 1aracters-dots and dashesisonly designated by the quickness with which one signal follows theother. The characters of the word Good according to the Morsealphabet'wouldbe as follows: Good, and in telegraphing this word,accordin to the Morse with the double key and met od of to-day thefollowing impulses have to be transmitted in the fol owing order: twopositives denoting two dashes and ,noting the one negative denotin a dotfor the letter G two negatives %or two (lots denoting the first letter0, two negatives for two dots denoting the second letter O, and onepositive denotin the dash and two negatives doots for the letter 1). Itwill be seen, therefore, that according to flu; method of to-day fiveimpulses of the samis'- polarity have to be transmitted in succession.This would either choke the cable if the re ular time unit between thefirst and. second i 1- pulses would be observed, or to prevent tlfi'schoking a comparatively lon time will have to lapse between thetransmission of the dif- :ferent negativeimpulses, so as to give thecable time to discharge, or, as it is called, clear.

l/Vith the improved key, substantially asdescribed and illustrated, andwith the improved method, as substantially referred to, the signals orindividual impulses to be transmitted for the word Good will consist ofthe following, (taking it for granted that the operator starts when thepositive pole oi the batter is connected to the key:) One positive, folowed in quick succession by one ne ative, to denote the first dash, onepositive, followed in quick succession by one negative, to denote thesecond dash, and one ositive to denote the dot to make the letter 5/ onenegative to denote the first dot and one i ositive to denote the seconddot of the first etter O,one negative to denote the first dot and onepositive to denote the second dot of the second letter 0, one negativeand one positive 'in quick succession to denote the dash, one negativeto denote the first dot, and one positive to denote the second dot, ofthe letter 1). Thus it is clearly seen that every positive impulse isfollowed by a negative impulse, or vice versa, no matter if a dot or adash has to be transmitted, the onl difference between a dot anddashbeing t at a dot consists of one impulse, no matter of what polarity aslong as this olarit I is opposite to the pre ceding impu se, an that adashconsists of two impulses in quick succession, opposite in polarityfrom each other, no matter of what clarity the first impulse is, so longas the poarity of this first impulse is op osite to the polarity of theimpulse rec' in Again the key and the method or wh ic it is designeddoes not contemplate the employment of impulses rising or falling invalue; but, on the contrary, to make a true reversal, it is neccssapractically 3i that as soon.as one im ulse attains a higher value or isof Ion er 'uration the chain of true reversals wou d be broken and thecable would assume a state whichiit is desired to avoid through myimproved method of telegraphing wit exactly true reversals, wherein onelmpulse should rantically be of an electromotive force an duration aliketo the.

that all the impulses should be e same in value, for the reason andpresents electromotive force and duration of every other impulse.

No doubt instead of two separate batteries one battery may be used; butI have found that the em loyment of two separate batteries simpli es theconstruction of the inst'rument and is in theend more economical onebattery alone is used.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, ters iatent, is-

In combination with mittin -keya step-by-step movement adapted to c angethe polarity of the transmittingkey, said step-by-step. movementactuated greeter practicability and desire to secure by Let a.telegraphic tronsb. electromagnetic means, the circuit of saidectromegnetic means containin also a. source of current and connectedwit one terminai to the movable lover of said key, and with theotherterminal to the back stop of said key, the ste -by-step movement adaptedto be cctuated when said key is in its open position and adapted to bemade stationary when the key is in its closed osition.

In testimony whereof I ereby sign my namegin the presence of twosubscrib' witaccess, this 23d day of March, A. D. 1904.

' ISIDOR KITSEE.

Witnesses:

Enrru R. STILLEY, H. O.- Ynr'rnn,

